No. 4

This issue is online only, hence there is not cover image.

CODOH Series · No. 4 · August 2000

The individual articles of this issue are listed below.

Did Columbus Discover America?

There are two types of knowledge in a society. The commonly accepted and the arcane and unproved. Everybody knows that 2+2=4. That's common knowledge. In the 1400's, everyone knew that too. But there was other knowledge, rarer, not as widely known, contradicting the popular wisdom, and not yet demonstrated. Copernicus did not “discover” that the…

Photo Fakery Exposed!

Photo Fakery: The History and Techniques of Photographic Deception and Manipulation, by Dino A. Brugioni. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's, 1999. Richard A. Widmann Dino Brugioni begins his study of photo fakery with a brief discussion of Arthur C. Lundahl, the first director of the CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center. Lundahl always cautioned that the discovery of…

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