History in General

Events and epochs prior to the First World War, and after that anything that does not fit into any particular category of the era of the world wars or the post-WWII and cold war era. This does also include the subcategory of U.S. history, if the events dealt with do not fit in any of the other categories or is of special interest, like the U.S. Civil War or 9/11 and its aftermath.

The Spanish Armada: The Experience of War in 1588

The Spanish Armada: The Experience of War in 1588 by Felipe Fernandez-Artnesto. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988, hardbound, 300 pages, index, illustrations, $22.95. ISBN: 0-19-822926-7. For over four hundred years, the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 has been celebrated by the English as a glorious God-sent victory in which the Protestant David…

On Propaganda in America

Far more important to Europe than the propaganda about domestic affairs in America is that about foreign affairs. The numen “democracy” is used also in this realm as the essence of reality. A foreign development sought to be brought about is called “spreading democracy”; a development sought to be hindered is “against democracy,” or “fascistic.”…

The Price of Admiralty: The Evolution of Naval Warfare

The Price of Admiralty: The Evolution of Naval Warfare, by John Keegan. New York: Viking, 1989, hardbound, 292 pages, index, photographs, $21.95. ISBN:0-670-81416-4. Since the publication of his book The Face of Battle (1976), which skillfully blended letters, diaries and reminiscences of those actually present at the battles of Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme to…

The Second Oldest Profession: Spies and Spying in the Twentieth Century

The Second Oldest Profession: Spies and Spying in the Twentieth Century, by Phillip Knightley. New York: Penguin Books edition, 1988; xii, 436 pp., photographs and index, $7.95, ISBN 0-14-010655-3. People over-impressed by spies and espionage are fond of quoting the observation attributed to Napoleon that a spy “in the right place” is worth 20,000 soldiers…

The Siege of South Africa

The main argument which I seek to establish in this paper falls into three parts and can be summarized as follows: The history of South Africa, since shortly before the beginning of the Anglo-Boer War in 1899, epitomizes the history of the world over the same period. The world revolutionary movement which was to precipitate…

Soviet Russia’s Persecution of Latvia, 1918 to the Present

The focus of this paper is the oppression and persecution which the rulers of the Soviet Union have inflicted on the Baltic nation of Latvia, from its declaration of independence in 1918 to the present day. The Red Army has invaded and occupied Latvia three times in the past seventy years; its most recent aggression,…

Politics, Prejudice and Procedure

Recent years have seen some erosion in the traditional view of the Andrew Johnson impeachment trial as a lawless episode of political partisanship. Johnson's reputation has worsened even as historians have come to see the essentially moderate character of the Republican Reconstruction program.[1] Legally, the impeachment is not as self-evidently insupportable as it once seemed….

Marxism in the United States

Marxism in the United States: Remapping the History of the American Left, by Paul Buhle. London: Verso (Haymarket Series), 1987, paperback, 299 pages, $12.95, ISBN 0-86091-848-3. The most enjoyable treasure is that which is found in the most unlikely place. Who would have thought of looking in a history of American Marxism, written by a…

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